What Conventional History Says About Homer's Life
The Word
So that it goes hand in hand with the acquisition of writing from the East and the fact that other civilizations precede the Greek one, such as the Egyptian one (as we saw in previous posts, the Egyptians themselves accept the Greek one as older) or the Sumerian civilization.
Modern research, and especially those who accept that Homer can be considered a real person, places his life in the 8th century BC and considers it possible that he was an Ionian. minstrel, a follower of a centuries-old tradition of heroic narratives, who composed the Iliad around 750 BC and the Odyssey (if he actually composed both works) around 710 BC.
Some of the most famous rumors circulating about Homer are that he was blind
NOW
(According to Aristotle's words, we have two important pieces of information that conventional science ignores or does not want to make known to everyone. The years in which Memphis begins to be built and the years in which Homer is born. "That is, Homer is also recent, if we are to speak of such changes")
(Is there any reliable, historical, archaeologically confirmed source for when Memphis was built so that we can find out when Homer was born? Yes, unfortunately for them, there is. There is the "Palermo Stone". It is one of seven that have been found and they write on it the names of kings and other information about Egypt and it also writes the date of the founding of the city. So archaeologists agree without any doubt and it is something official about the validity of the information we know from these tablets. The city was founded around 3100 BC by Menes, who united the two kingdoms of Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt. This is something that is accepted. So from the moment that Homer tells us Aristotle It is recent, according to dictionaries, this means two things.
- or the one that refers to the recent past
- or that has just happened or been created
In the first version, Homer should be placed before 3100, perhaps even 3200 BC. In the second version, around 3100 BC. at least.
We should of course conclude that Hesiod also dates back to the same period, as there is information that they participated together in a poetry competition, which Hesiod won.
It is also known that in his epics the name "Nile" is not mentioned because it had apparently not yet been established, but the name he uses is "Egypt" while for the country of Egypt, he refers to it as "Egypt".
It is worth noting that according to the current prevailing view, the famous pyramid of Cheops was built in 2580 BC.
Homer He did not know about the eruption of the Santorini Volcano in 1600 BC, nor did he know the name of the Delphic oracle as Python. He knew Thessaly as Phthia, the Island of Pharos as Pelagia. Simply because he was born 5.000, for example.
According to Diodorus Siculus, the Nile was formerly called Ocean, then Aetos, then Egypt and finally Nile.
Diodorus Siculus Hist., Bibliotheca historica (lib. 1-20) Book 1, chapter 19, section 4, line 2
τὸν
1.19.4.2
and an ancient river with a name of Shein Ocean,
which is the Greek Ocean; then for the generation-
explosive phase Eagle theto be called, later
1.19.4.5
d' Egypt from the reigning king of the country to-
to be praised; and to bear witness to the poet, saying
I set up a new amphielissa on the river in Egypt.
For according to the so-called Thone, enclosing in
The sea of the river, this place of commerce
1.19.4.10
It is the old one of Egypt; but the latter one is
to have him who now has the intercession of the king-
1.19.5.1
of Neileus. the fourth son of Osiris,
living on the Ethiopian mountains, the river from
to take up soil from both sides, so that
according to his fulfillment, the land will not stagnate
1.19.5.5
despite the interest
Homer tells us about Copper, which we know was known in 5000 BC. He talks about iron a few times, but it was difficult to process.
For Faro Island, Homer tells us that it was off the coast of Egypt, which in fact in his time required a day's rowing, while Strabo states that Homer is wrong, but Homer was not wrong.
Now we also have the Philological Team of Kaktos Publications who made the introduction, translation and comments of Aristotle's Book Meteorology and even under the supervision of Dr. H. P. Nikoloudis (book published in 1994)
who deliberately mistranslated the word recent(p. 130) of the ancient text that they translated (much later) and in this way they covered up the reality. They did not make a mistake but followed the orders of the system to tell us a fairy tale.
Below you will also read the translation of 14th chapter and you will see with your own eyes and draw your own conclusion
Aristotle Meteorology Book A
Chapter 14
Performance
The same parts of the earth are not always dry or wet, but change according to the formation or disappearance of rivers. For this reason alternations are created between land and sea, and the same places do not always remain land or sea, but we find sea where there was land, and where there is now sea, it will become land again. We must admit that these changes take place with a certain order and a certain periodicity. The basic principle and cause is that the interior of the earth, like the bodies of plants and animals, knows a period of maturation and a period of aging, with the difference that these changes in plants and animals do not take place in any one part of them, but their whole reaches its peak and its decline at the same time. On the earth, on the contrary, changes take place only in certain parts, under the influence of cold and heat. Cold and heat increase or decrease due to the rotation of the Sun and to these are due the differences that the various regions of the Earth present, with the result that they remain wet for a time, then dry up and age, while other regions regain life and progressively become wet. Unfortunately, in the regions that become drier, the springs dry up, with the result that the rivers from large become small at first and then dry up completely, while, with this displacement of the rivers, which disappear in one region to appear in another in a similar form, the sea also changes. In places, indeed, where, being pushed out by the rivers, it flooded the land, it now withdraws, leaving the land behind; and where, due to the overflowing of the rivers, alluvium was created which dried up, stagnant areas are formed again.
But since the natural change of the Earth occurs gradually and over periods of time considerably long, compared with the duration of our lives, these phenomena pass unnoticed and entire nations perish before they have time to preserve the memory of these changes, from beginning to end. The greatest and most rapid destructions occur in wars, others are due to epidemics and others to earth aphorisms. Of the latter, some are on a large scale, while others occur on a small scale, so that the disappearance of populations under these conditions is not perceived, because some inhabitants abandon the country, while others remain there, until the soil cannot nourish the smallest population. From the first to the last departure, so much time has naturally passed that no one remembers it any more, and although the last of the inhabitants are still alive, the time that has passed is so long that it has made them forget it. We must admit that in the same way the chronology of the first settlements of each population in the places that change and become dry from marshy and wet disappears from memory. And this is because the change of the soil occurs imperceptibly over a long period of time, so that no one remembers who the first inhabitants were, nor when they arrived, nor the state of the soil at that time.
The same thing happened in the case of Egypt. It is known, indeed, that this place is becoming more and more arid and that the whole country is an alluvium of the Nile, but as with the progressive drying of the marshes neighboring peoples settled in the area, in the course of time they forgot their origin. It is certain that all the estuaries of the Nile, except the Canovicus, are human works and not of the river, and in former times Egypt was called Thebes. Homer, who is, it must be said, much later than these changes, mentions this country as if Memphis did not yet exist, either at all or not in its present form.. It is natural that things should have happened this way, because the low areas were inhabited later than the higher ones. The areas, which were closer to the alluvium, must have remained marshy for a longer time, because the water stagnates more there. Subsequently, these areas change and become fertile in their turn, since the more they dry out, the better their quality becomes. But those which had previously a good composition become worse due to the progressive drought.
This happened in Greece in the region of Argos and Mycenae. At the time of the Trojans, Argolis, due to its marshy soil, could feed a small number of people, while the region of Mycenae was prosperous (which explains its greater fame). Today, the opposite is true, for the reason we have already mentioned: it has become completely barren and dry, while the plains of Argolis, which were once barren because of the marshes, are now cultivable. Seeing, then, what happened in a region of moderate size, we must admit that the same thing is happening in larger regions and in entire countries.
The short-sighted, therefore, believe that the cause of phenomena of this kind lies in global change, since they consider that the entire universe is subject to the process of becoming. That is why they claim that if the volume of the sea decreases due to drying up, this is due to the fact that this happens today in more areas than in the past. There is both truth and falsehood in this, because today there are indeed more areas that were formerly under water, but the opposite is also observed, because, if they examine the matter more carefully, they will see areas in which the sea has gained ground. But we must not think that the cause of this phenomenon is global change, because it is ridiculous for small and momentary changes to move the universe - after all, the mass and volume of the Earth are nothing compared to the universe. In fact, the reason to which we must attribute all these changes is that they occur at regular intervals - just as there is a winter season every year, so for a long period of time there is a long winter with torrential rains. This flood does not always occur in the same places. For example, the flood, which took its name because it occurred in the time of Deucalion, affected mainly the Greek area and in particular ancient Greece, which corresponds to the area of Dodona and the Acheloos river, which often changes course. The inhabitants of the area were the Sellians and those then called Graecos and today Greeks. When, therefore, torrential rains occur, we must assume that they last for a long time and that what happens today with rivers, which flow sometimes without stopping and sometimes not, has always happened: researchers argue that this is due to the huge underground cavities, but we attribute it to the size of the elevated places, their density and the cold that prevails there (because these elevations receive, store and produce most of the water, while mountainous areas of moderate size or porous, stony and clayey areas see the water leave them prematurely). We must believe, therefore, that the same thing happens with floods: in areas where such a quantity of rain accumulates, it increases their humidity and makes it almost inexhaustible. Over time, however, the areas that dry out become more and more numerous, while the moisture decreases, until we reach the beginning of the same period again.
But since there must necessarily be some change in the universe, without it being a question of generation or decay, if the universe is truly unchangeable, it must necessarily, in our opinion, not always be the same regions flooded by the sea or rivers, nor do they themselves dry up. Moreover, the facts themselves prove this. Let us take the Egyptians, who are considered the most ancient; their whole country is clearly a construction, the work of the river. This is obvious to anyone who looks around in that country, and the Red Sea is a hard-to-contestable evidence,
One of the kings tried to open a canal there (for it would be no small benefit if the whole region were made navigable; it is reported that Sesostris was the first of the ancient kings to attempt it), but he found that the Red Sea was higher than the land. For this reason, Sesostris first and then Darius stopped the excavation, because they feared that if the water of the sea mixed with the water of the river, the river would disappear. It is evident, then, that all the bodies of water were one continuous sea. For the same reason, in Libya, the region of Ammonia is evidently lower and disproportionately more concave than the region which is lower towards the sea. It is evident that the alluvium created lakes and wastelands, and that, in the course of time, the water that remained stagnant stagnated, evaporated and disappeared. The same happened in the Maeotis lake, where the alluvium of the rivers has been so considerable that the ships that sail it today are much smaller in size than they were sixty years ago. It is easy to understand, therefore, that this lake, like most others, is the work of the rivers and that one day it will necessarily become entirely dry. Another example is the Bosporus, which always forms a current due to alluvium, and we can even see with our own eyes exactly how things happen: every time, then, that the current from Asia raised a coastal ledge, what was behind it first became a small lake and then dried up, a second ledge was formed in front of the first, and so on. After this is repeated many times, it is obvious that it will necessarily become a kind of river that will also dry up in the end.
It is evident, then, since time is not exhausted and the universe is eternal, that the Tanais and the Nile did not always flow, and that the region in which they flow was once dry, since their energy has a limit, while time does not. The same applies to other rivers. But if rivers are really formed and disappear, and if the same regions of the earth are not always covered with water, the sea must necessarily be subject to the same changes. Now if the sea withdraws from some regions, while it covers others, it is evident that, throughout the entire extent of the earth, the same regions are not always seas or dry, but that everything changes with time.
So we said that it is not always the same areas of the Earth that are land or water, and we explained why this is the case. We also said why some rivers have a perpetual flow and others do not.
Aristotle Meteorological.
page 351a line 19 – 353a line 28
Book 1. Chapter 14
Ancient Text
These places on earth are not always wet.
nor dry, but changing according to the rivers' fullness-
the disappearances and the disappearances; for and about the continent
He also conquers the sea, and the things of the earth are not eternal.
But the sea always passes through time, but it becomes
Seas where there was land, but now there are seas again
Here is the earth. According to some scholars, these things are considered useful.
to become and period. but the beginning of these and the reason that and
the insides of the earth, such as the bodies of plants and
living beings, there is also a peak in old age. But those with not in proportion-
When this happens, we suffer, but when everything else flourishes,
and to diminish need; but on earth this happens in part.
by cold and heat. By these things therefore it increases and decreases-
for the sun and the rotation, and for these and the
The parts of the earth receive different powers, so that
A person can live in water, but then it dries up and dies.
It rains again; but other places are experiencing and becoming wet-
is partly. But the necessity of the places made by the
The springs of the past disappear, but these things happen.
the rivers first, from large to small, then finally
to become dry, and of the rivers drunken and hence
with disappearing in others, and with correspondingly occurring after-
Throw the sea; where, having been driven out by the
rivers overflowed, they made it necessary to dry up, where
But in the multitude of the speeches, she was seen again,
here it stagnates. but for the sake of becoming all nature-
about the earth, born from adduction and in times
Longing for our other life, these things are hidden,
Me, and before all nations, losses occur and destructions occur before their change from the beginning is remembered.
in the end. be great with therefore losses are made and hasten
in wars, but in other diseases, but in aphorisms, and
These are the ones that are large and the ones that are small, so that they are
deaths of neighboring nations and migrations due to
Those who lack the country, but endure it until now
until the country can no longer feed a multitude of non-
no. from the first disappearance to the latter image
long years pass, so that nothing is remembered, but
saving those who are still waiting to be fulfilled over time
crowd. And he uses the same method to think of the inhabitants as well.
Hidden differences, when did they first occur among the nations?
in the changing and becoming dry lands of herbs and
hydron; And here, in a small way, much is accomplished.
The episode is in time, so that they do not mention which ones were first and
When and how did they arrive at the places where it happened?
and those around Egypt; and for this is always drier than that-
Who seems to be doing all the river country?
the Nile's floodplain, and for the gradual drying-
considering the people living nearby, the time of year
length is subtracted from the beginning. Therefore it is seen that the
All of them, except for one from Canovikou, are handmade and not
beings of the river, and ancient Egypt, Thebes and-
bathe. And Homer also says, thus recent If as if
to go towards such changes; for of that place
It is mentioned as "Memphis is no longer there, either completely or not completely"
hot. This is the fourth picture, and this is how it happens; for those below are the-
Which of those above have since been resurrected? For they are marshes on the sea.
time is necessary for those closest to the alluvium to stagnate in the last stages, perhaps more. changes
But this is still true; for the places are drying up,
They are in a good state of affairs, but the former are more
When they dry up, they become worse. What happened to
Greece and about the country of the Argives and Mycenaeans; on
For with the Trojans or with Argeia, for the marshland it is
It was possible to feed only a few, but Mycenae was well off (because
was more honorable), but now the opposite for the aforementioned reason;
For mine was slow and dry everywhere, but hers
then for the stagnation slowly now became useful. as
So in this place a small being happened, this is what he sees.
I think this also happens in large places and areas.
all. Those who see me, therefore, are deceived for a small reason.
Of such are the sufferings the transformation of the whole as
the sky is created; through it I also created the sea,
It seems to be drying up, because many places seem to be
This is what you are saying now or before. But the meaning of these is
The fourth is not true; for there are many who are married before.
But now, those who are working hard, not only that, but also the opposite; many
For with little effort they will find the sea of salvation-
but the cause of this is not the creation of the world.
use; for I laugh at small and fleeting changes
Everything moves, but the earth's volume and size are nothing.
It is a place that reaches to the whole sky; but of all these things
What is considered to be happening for years of suffering, which in
in the winter hours of the year, thus a period of some great
It is a long winter and an excess of rain. But this does not last forever.
in these places, but as the one called on Monday
A good flood; and this one about the Greek
It became a place, indeed, and this about Greece
ancient. This is the story about Dodona and Achelous;
For this man has spread the word of many things; for they hear
Here are the ones who were then called Greeks, now called
Greeks, when such an excess of rain occurs,
I think it will last a long time, and as of now,
Some of the rivers are eternal, but not those of us who know them.
The reason is the size of the underground chasms, we
but the size of the high places and the density and
their coldness (for they bathe and receive water)
and they will build and build; but as for the small ones, the hanging ones-
yes, the mountain formations are either sawdust and stony and silvery-
(They left these out first), so it is fitting to see then, in
which if this kind of liquid happens, which is unheard of
the humidity of the places rather. But these things
It dries up, becoming soft, and then I will not reduce the natural
until the beginning of the period of the autumn comes again.
of. on the necessity of the whole thing being made with some change,
Do not forget birth and death, for all that remains is necessity,
As we say, do not visit these ever-wet places.
It is sea and rivers and dry land. It means the knowledge-
Menon; for those we have seen are the most ancient of men.
Egyptians, their country seems to be all things and
Therefore, the work of the river. And this is according to the country itself.
The one who sees it is the sea, and the ones around it are the red sea.
A capable proof; for this is the one of the kings that he has tried.
They were correcting (for it was no small matter if they were of any use to them)
the whole place being made; and the first is called Sesostris
to handle the old ones), but he found a higher ear than that
seas of the earth; for that one also Darius
Then he paused, correcting, so that the word would not be corrupted.
of the river mixing with the sea. It is therefore clear that it will
But it was always the same continuity. For and about the
Libya, the land of Ammon, appears more humble and
deeper than the land below; for I say as
With the onset of the flood, lakes and wastelands became, time-
But when the rest was done, they dried up the water and left it there.
It has already been said about fruit. But not about Mayo-
He gave a lake to the alluvium of the rivers, so much so,
so that many large ships now sail towards the
work or sixty years; so that from this a radium analogy can be drawn
It is surprising that the first one, like many of the lakes,
and this is the work of the rivers, and the last of all-
as if it were necessary to become dry. And yet the Bosporus always flows with me.
for the sake of being present, and there are also these things in the eyes
to see what happens in some way; for when from Asia
The river did nothing, the lake behind it became small.
first, it was dried up, but after that another one from this one-
and a lake from it; and this always happened in the same way-
as; this being done, often the need for time of production as-
To be made by a river, and finally this too dry. obvious
that, when time is not lacking and everything is the same,
that neither the Tanais nor the Nile always flows, but was
When the place from which they flow is dry, for their work is theirs.
end, but time has no end. Likewise, this also applies to the
other rivers are suitable to say. but not beyond the rivers-
These places of my life are becoming and decaying and may they not last.
The earth is wet, and the sea needs to change in the same way.
And the sea, which leaves me, is forever
It is clear that these things will not last forever in all the earth.
It is the fourth continent, but it always changes with time.
because with me therefore these things neither possess the land nor
It is floating, and why this happens, it is said;
Likewise, why are the four rivers eternal?
are
Palermo Column
The Palermo Column, the Egyptian fragment Royal Chronicles in Palermo, Italy.
Η Palermo Column ή Palermo Stone is one of seven fragments that have been rescued from a column of Old Kingdom ancient EgyptThe stele contained the list of the kings of Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150–2890 BC) until the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty (c. 2392–2283 BC) and recorded important events in each year of the reigns of these kings. It was probably constructed during the Fifth Dynasty. The Palermo Stele is kept in the Antonio Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum in Palermo, from where it got its name.
The term "Palermo Stone" sometimes refers to all seven fragments of the Royal Chronicles, including those preserved in the Cairo Museum and that of London. The fragments are also sometimes collectively described in English as the "Cairo Annals Stone", although the term "Cairo Stone" (or "Cairo Stone") is also used for the fragments of the Royal Annals now in Cairo. In Greek the Palermo Stone is also referred to as (the) Palermo Stone.
The Palermo Stele and other fragments preserve what may be the oldest surviving written text from ancient Egypt, and constitute a key source for Egyptian history of the Old Kingdom.
Description
The Column of Royal Chronicles, of which the Palermo Column was a part, may originally have measured about 60 centimeters high and 2.1 meters long. The fragments are composed of hard black solid stone, probably a form of basalt.
The Palermo Column is an irregularly shaped fragment resembling a shield, with dimensions (at its largest) of 43,5 cm high, 25 cm wide and 6,5 cm thick.
The inscription on the front consists of six horizontal stripes (or lines) with hieroglyphics with the text being from right to left. The first line lists the names of the predynastic of kings Lower Egypt (recognized as such by the Red Crown). The second and subsequent lines contain the royal chronicles of the pharaohs of the first to fourth dynasties, that is, the most important events of the reign of each pharaoh, in chronological order. The second line begins with the records of the last years for a king of First Dynasty, whose name has not been preserved, but who is generally assumed to be either the Drummer or the FaintThe remainder of the second line is occupied by the first nine annual records for the successor of this king, who again is not named in the fragment we have, but who we assume to be Aha, or his successor, the DerThe rest of the second line continues with the chronicles up to the kings of Fourth Dynasty.
The text continues on the back, recording the events of the reigns of the pharaohs up to the Neferirkare Kakai, third of Fifth DynastyFrom the surviving fragments, it is uncertain whether the Royal Chronicles continued beyond this point. When a king's name is mentioned, the name of his mother is also mentioned.
The information recorded on the Palermo Column includes measurements of the amount of annual Nile flood (see Nilometer), the Flood Era, details of festivals (such as the Saint's Day), taxation, statues, buildings and wars.
Archaeological history
The original location of the stele is unknown, and none of the surviving fragments are of archaeological origin. A fragment, now in Cairo, is said to have been found at an archaeological site in Memphis, while the other three fragments found in Cairo are said to have been found in the Middle Egyptian region. No place of origin has been proposed for the Palermo Column.
The Royal Chronicles of Egypt, a supposed reconstruction of the original stele, with the locations of the seven surviving fragments. P is the Palermo Column, numbers 1-5 are the Cairo fragments, and the L it is the fragment that is in London.
The Palermo Column was purchased by a Sicilian lawyer, Ferdinando Guidano, in 1859 and has been in Palermo since 1866. On 19 October 1877, it was donated by the Guidano family to the Archaeological Museum of Palermo, where it has remained ever since.
Of the five fragments of the original stele in the Cairo Museum, four were acquired between 1895 and 1914. The other was purchased at an antiquities market in 1963. The fragment in the Petrie Museum in London, which was part of the collection of Flinders Petrie, and had been purchased by him in 1914.
The fragment of Royal Chronicles in the Petrie Museum, London, containing part of the record for Hashemuy and at the bottom with a minimal part of the record for Snefru.
The significance of the Palermo Column was not recognized until it was noticed by a French archaeologist in 1895. The first edition and translation was made in 1902 by Heinrich Schäfer.
Uncertainties
There are some uncertainties regarding the dating of the Palermo Stele and the Royal Chronicles it records. It is unknown whether the records were made all at once, or whether records were added over time. It is also unknown whether it dates from the period it describes (i.e. from no later than the Fifth Dynasty). It has been suggested that the stela was constructed much later, perhaps during the Twenty-fifth Dynasty (747-656 BC). It seems from the content that even if the stele was not made in or shortly after the period it describes, it is directly based on an earlier Old Kingdom prototype.
It is also uncertain whether all the surviving fragments are part of the same stele or come from different copies. It is possible that at least one of the smaller Cairo fragments (for none of which there is a clear provenance) is not genuine.
The text is generally difficult to decipher due to both the condition of the writing and its age. If the text is a later copy rather than a Fifth Dynasty original, there is the possibility of errors, intentional or unintentional, in the copying process.
Significance
The Palermo Stele and the other fragments of the Royal Chronicles are a very important source for the history of the Old Kingdom and, for example, preserve the names of members of the royal families for the first five dynasties which are not otherwise recorded elsewhere.
His lists New Kingdom, like Canon of Turin and List of Kings in the temple of Abydos (kingdom of Seti I, 1294–1279 BC), recognize the Month (possibly Narmer) (c. 3100 or 3000 BC) as the first king of the First Dynasty and thus crediting him with the unification of Egypt. However, the above Royal Chronicles mention some predynastic rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt, who apparently correspond to the era before the unification. The identification of these kings with historical figures remains a controversial issue.
The ancient historian Manetho may have used similar information similar to the entire column of the Royal Chronicles to compile his own chronology of the first dynasties, which is part of the Egyptian (history of Egypt), written in the 3rd century BC, the king list most closely related to Manetho's list is the Turin Canon
Ancient Memphis
Memphis (Ancient Egyptian: mn nfr, Coptic: ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ, Arabic: مَنْف) was the ancient capital of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until 1300 BCE. Its ancient Egyptian name was Ineb Hetz ("The White Walls"). The name Memphis is a Greek transliteration of the Egyptian name for the pyramid of Pepi I, Men-nefer, which became Menfe in Coptic. The official name of Memphis in the Middle Kingdom was "Men-nefer Pepi Mer", meaning "solid and magnificent pyramid of Pepi I". According to Greek mythology and the Library of Apollodorus, the city was founded by the Egyptian king Epaphus, son of Zeus and the Argive princess Io, who named the city after his wife, Memphis, daughter of the Nile.[1] The modern cities of Mit Rakhina, Dahshur, Saqqara, Amuzir, Abu Ghorab, and Zoyet el-Aryan, south of Cairo, are all within the administrative territory of historical Memphis. The city was also known in Upper Egypt as Ankh-Tawi ("Life of the Two Lands"), indicating the city's importance in Upper and Lower Egypt. Its ruins are located 19 km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile.
Story
The Palermo Stele gives us the first evidence for the founding of Memphis. The city was founded around 3100 BC by Menes, who united the two kingdoms of Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt.. He walled it with strong and extensive walls, and dedicated a temple to the god Ptah. He also founded a port in the city named Perunefer, which means “Good Departure”. With a population estimated at approximately 30.000 inhabitants, it is the largest human settlement from the time of its foundation until 2250 BC and from 1557 BC to 1400 BC.
Tradition says that Menes founded the city by building embankments to protect the area from the floods of the Nile. The city was so dominant in its heyday that modern historians gave its name to an entire period. It became a cosmopolitan center, and when Herodotus visited it in the 5th century BCE, during the period of Persian rule, he found many Greeks, Jews, Phoenicians, and Libyans among the native population. The pharaohs after Menes built a Per-aa or “Great House” in Memphis, where they crowned themselves pharaohs. From the corruption of the name Per-aa, the ancient Greeks called the rulers of ancient Egypt “pharaohs.”
Pseudo-Plutarchus, On the Rivers
Chapter 16, section 1, line 11
NILE.
16.1.1
The Nile River is in Egypt. by city
Alexandrian. But the first Melas was called from
Black of Poseidon; then Egypt on
called for that reason. Egypt, Hephaestus and
16.1.5
Leucippus, son of Leucippus, was king of the lands; for me-
but a civil war without ascending the Nile and
The Pythian, in the midst of the famine that was continuing among the villagers,
the euphoria, if the king is abominable to the gods
daughter sacrificed. But being grieved by the evils,
16.1.10
The tyrant brought Aganippe to the altars. But to her
16.1.11
Egypt is torn apart by excessive sorrow.
He threw himself into the Black River, which from him
Egypt was renamed. And the Nile interceded for
For this reason.
Pausanias (110 AD-180 AD) tells us that while he knows that Hesiod and Homer are very ancient, he avoids mentioning them so that "others" or even the poetic establishment of the time would not rise up against him.
Pausanias Perieg., Graeciae descriptio
Book 9, chapter 30, section 3, lines 1-5
[30.3] about not Hesiod t age and Homer multitasking you the most accurate no me write here was, faithfully the philatelic others t and oh no finally ὅσοι cat' me on to do τῶν on they established.
(Tour of Greece, Boeotia, Pausanias)
Regarding the age of Hesiod and Homer, it was not pleasant for me to write something very accurate about them every time. I know the tendency that others had towards me, regarding my poetry and what I said, with a disposition to accuse, and they attributed not a few things to me.
Even Pausanias was criticized when he spoke about Homer's age.
Epilogue:
I would like to say that it is time for all decent Greek academics, scientists, professors, educational and intellectual institutions to unite and form a group with the aim of intensifying their efforts, on the one hand to pressure the respective governments to make the necessary changes in education so that the youth do not go abroad and on the other hand to convince the governments to create a Ministry of the Diaspora for the benefit of Greece (Greek investments by the diaspora) and especially the preservation of the Greek Language abroad which is unfortunately being lost. The main thing is for the Academy to undertake to publish all of Ancient Greek Literature by Greek professors and not to translate ancient Greek texts from foreign publications. This is an insult and also great hubris. Greeks read historical untruths due to foreigners' lack of knowledge of the Greek language, especially translations of ancient Greek literature into foreign languages.
Greek Cultural Centers should be created in cities abroad where thousands of Greeks live and grants should be given so that research can be conducted and periodicals can be published. The respective Greek Consulates should be activated and not issue visas and passports, responsible statements, that is, only bureaucracy. They should know that they represent the Greek state and have broader obligations to the diaspora.
Finally, there should be a Greek Encyclopedia on the internet. Shame on you gentlemen
Dimitris Symeonidis JP
This book "Aristotle's Meteorology" with the testimonies that exist changes the entire existing false and misleading history of both the Greek Language and the history of the Greeks.
Wake up, ladies and gentlemen, and leave your partisan passions and interests behind and work to save Hellenism, which is in danger of extinction.
Sources:
1. Aristotle's Apanta 13 Meteorological A-B. Ancient Greek Literature 202. Introduction-Translation-Comments Kaktos Philological Group. Supervision of Dr. I.P. Nikoloudis. Kaktos Publications, Athens, 1994
2. Diodorus Siculus Hist., Bibliotheca historica (lib. 1-20) Book 1, chapter 19, section 4, line 2
3 Britannica.com/topic/Palermo-Stone
4.Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis
Chapter 16, section 1, line 11
5.Britannica.com/place/Memphis-ancient-city-Egypt
6. Pausanias Perieg., Graeciae descriptio
Book 9, chapter 30, section 3, lines 1-5
7. Homer Ilias
8.Homer's Odyssey
9. The Orphics. Athens-Publishers of the Encyclopedia of "Helios"
10. Ioa. D. Passa: The True Prehistory. Athens-Encyclopedia Editions of "Helios"
Photo By After Lysippos – Jastrow (2006), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1359807, https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/
